Structural characteristics of lower respiratory tract microflora in patients with pneumoconiosis / 中华劳动卫生职业病杂志

Objective: To explore the composition of bacteria in lower respiratory tract of patients with pneumoconiosis and dust exposure, and to compare and analyze the difference and correlation between them. Methods: From May 2020 to January 2021, a prospective multicenter cross-sectional study was conducted to select patients with pneumoconiosis who underwent bronchoalveolar lavage treatment at the Respiratory and Critical Care Medical Department of the 920th Hospital of the Joint Support Force and the Respiratory Department of Tongren Hospital in Kunming, as well as the population of dust recipients. A total of 24 patients with pneumoconiosis (pneumoconiosis group) were included, and 16 dust exposed individuals (dust exposed group) were used as controls. Two groups of patients' alveolar lavage fluid were collected. The 16SrRNA gene V3-V4 sequencing technology and bioinformatics analysis platform were used to measure and analyze the differences in microbial structure composition and associations between bacterial communities. Results: Compared with the dust exposed group, the top 5 bacterial phyla in the alveolar lavage fluid level of patients with pneumoconiosis were the same, followed by Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, and Actinobacteria. Compared with the dust exposure group, the pneumoconiosis group patients belong to the top 5 genera of horizontal flora abundance, which are different. The dust exposure group is respectively: Pseudomonas, Proctor, Streptococcus, Achromobacter, and Neisseria. The pneumoconiosis group is respectively: Pseudomonas, Achromobacter, Streptococcus, Ralstonia, and Proctor. The Alpha diversity analysis results showed that compared with the dust exposed group, the level of bacterial diversity in the pneumoconiosis group was difference (P<0.05), and there was no statistically significant difference in bacterial evenness (P>0.05) ; Beta diversity showed differences in microbial community structure between the two groups (P<0.05 ). Single factor microbial association network analysis showed that there was a high correlation between Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes in the pneumoconiosis and dust exposed groups and other species, showing a positive correlation; The correlation between Proteobacteria and other species is high, showing a negative correlation. Conclusion: The structure and relative abundance of bacteria in lower respiratory tract were different between patients with pneumoconiosis and dust exposure, and the diversity of bacteria in lower respiratory tract increased in patients with pneumoconiosis, which may be related to disease status.

Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (version 2022) / 中华创伤杂志

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (OVCF) can lead to lower back pain and may be even accompanied by scoliosis, neurological dysfunction and other complications, which will affect the daily activities and life quality of patients. Vertebral augmentation is an effective treatment method for OVCF, but it cannot correct unbalance of bone metabolism or improve the osteoporotic status, causing complications like lower back pain, limited spinal activities and vertebral refracture. The post-operative systematic and standardized rehabilitation treatments can improve curative effect and therapeutic efficacy of anti-osteoporosis, reduce risk of vertebral refracture, increase patient compliance and improve quality of life. Since there still lack relevant clinical treatment guidelines for postoperative rehabilitation treatments following vertebral augmentation for OVCF, the current treatments are varied with uneven therapeutic effect. In order to standardize the postoperative rehabilitation treatment, the Spine Trauma Group of the Orthopedic Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association organized relevant experts to refer to relevant literature and develop the "Guideline for postoperative rehabilitation treatment following vertebral augmentation for osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture (2022 version)" based on the clinical guidelines published by the American Academy of Orthopedic Surgeons (AAOS) as well as on the principles of scientificity, practicality and advancement. The guideline provided evidence-based recommendations on 10 important issues related to postoperative rehabilitation treatments of OVCF.

Advances in Basic Studies on Antitumor Effect and Underlying Molecular Mechanisms of Sinomenine / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Tumors are new organisms formed by uncontrollable cell proliferation of local tissues driven by various oncogenic factors. The cause of tumors is unknown with life-threating outcome. Tumors can be classified into benign tumors， borderline tumors， and malignant tumors according to their pathological properties. Among them， malignant tumor is commonly known as cancer， with no specific medicines or reliable cure means， so this is a hot spot and difficult point in current medical research. In ancient literatures， there are many records about the efficacy of Chinese herbal medicine in treating tumor， and modern pharmacological researches have shown that more and more active ingredients of traditional Chinese medicine（TCM） have gradually highlighted their inhibitory effect on various types of tumor. Caulis sinomenii has been used for treatment of rheumatic diseases in TCM for a long history. Sinomenine is a major bioactive alkaloid presented in C. sinomenii， which has demonstrated a wide range of pharmacological activities such as anti-inflammation， immunosuppression， analgesia and sedation， and due to its slightly soluble in water， it is commonly used in clinic in the form of hydrochloride， with its commercial name of Zhengqing Fengtongning. Recent studies show that sinomenine alone or combined with chemoradiotherapy can inhibit growth of several tumors significantly or in a synergistic way， so it is termed as an inhibitor of tumors. Anti-tumor effect of sinomenine involve inhibition of tumor cell proliferation， induction of tumor cell apoptosis， blockade of tumor cell cycle， suppression of tumor invasion and metastasis， induction of autophagy of tumor cells， and reversal of multidrug resistance of tumor cells. Upon combination with nanomaterials， it can enhance efficiency and reduce toxicity. Here we summarized and reviewed recent advances on basic anti-tumor research of sinomenine， and then made a classification and description according to its in vivo and in vitro pharmacological action and mechanism of action， so as to elucidate the great potential of sinomenine as a promising anti-tumor drug， and provide reference for further research on its anti-tumor mechanism.

Cupping treatment combined with antibiotics for bacterial pneumonia in children: a randomized controlled trial / 中国针灸

OBJECTIVE@#To compare the clinical efficacy of cupping treatment combined with antibiotics and antibiotics alone for bacterial pneumonia in children.@*METHODS@#A total of 72 children with bacterial pneumonia were randomly divided into an observation group (36 cases, 1 case dropped off) and a control group (36 cases). The children in the control group were treated with intravenous drip of cefodizine sodium [80 mg/(kg•d)] for 7 days. Based on the treatment of the control group, the children in the observation group were treated with cupping treatment on the bladder meridian of the back on the first day and the fourth day of antibiotic treatment; each cupping treatment was given for 5-10 min; the treatment of observation group was given for 7 days. The days for complete fever reduction, TCM syndrome scores and Canadian acute respiratory illness flu scale (CARIFS) scores before and after treatment were observed, and the clinical efficacy was evaluated.@*RESULTS@#The days for complete fever reduction in the observation group were shorter than that in the control group (@*CONCLUSION@#Cupping treatment combined with antibiotics has similar efficacy with antibiotics alone for bacterial pneumonia in children, but shows better effect in shortening the duration of fever and improving pulmonary symptoms.

The effects of lower limb intermittent negative pressure therapy on the skin microcirculation perfusion of quadriceps in male rowers / 中国应用生理学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of intermittent negative pressure therapy on the skin microcirculation perfusion of quadriceps in male rowers, and to provide basis for the practical application of this method.@*METHODS@#Fourteen male rowers were selected from the national rowing team and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The daily training plans of two groups were the same. The recovery intervention for experimental group was implemented by 20 minutes in the cube of Vacusport Regeneration System (German), 5 times per week for 4 weeks, no recovery intervention for control group. Microcirculation markers were collected by PeriFlux5000 system before and after the 4-week intervention. The markers included microcirculatory blood perfusion(MBP), average velocity of blood cells(AVBC), concentration of moving blood cells (CMBC), and values of the markers included basic values and post-heating values (44℃), difference before and after heating of the values was considered as the reserve capacity of those markers.@*RESULTS@#The test results before the 4 weeks intervention showed there was no statistical difference between the two groups(P＞0.05). After the 4 weeks intervention: ①MBP: The post-heating value and the difference of the experimental group were significantly higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05). But there was no statistical inner-group difference. ②AVBC: The post-heating values and the difference in the experimental group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P＜0.05). Intra-group comparison found that the post-heating values after post-intervention were significantly reduced, compared with those of pre-intervention (P＜ 0.01); the difference after post-intervention was reduced significantly, compared with those in the pre-intervention (P＜0.05). ③CMBC: The post-heating values and the difference in the experimental group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.01). There were no statistical significant inner-group difference.@*CONCLUSION@#Lower limb intermittent negative pressure therapy can improve the skin microcirculation of the quadriceps of the male rowers, which has a positive effect on the rapid recovery of physical fitness.

Advances in research on related mechanisms of immune-targeted therapy on osteosarcoma / 中国免疫学杂志

Osteosarcoma, originated from mesenchymal tissue, is one of the highest incidence of primary malignant bone tumors which were characteristic double peak distribution both in adolescents and elderly. Immune-targeted therapy could block the tumor cell signaling pathway and promote cancer cell death by apoptosis. Immune-targeted therapy is an effective treatment of anti-osteosarcoma after surgery and chemotherapy in recent years. The paper reviews the advances in latest research on the related mechanisms of the immune-targeted therapy on osteosarcoma, and hope to provide a theoretical basis for clinical treatment.

Advances in tumor microenvironment and related targeted drugs / 药学学报

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal environment of tumor. As a functional unit, the microenvironment determines the occurrence and development of tumors. Hypoxia, inflammation and immunosuppression are three major characteristics of TME. Hypoxia signals involve in multiple immunosuppressive pathway. There is communication among the gut microbiota, chronic inflammation and immunity. The three characteristics are associated with each other to form a complex network affecting the metastasis of the tumor. TME also influences the development of immunotherapy and efficacy of drugs in solid tumor. Therefore, it is important to identify the valuable biomarkers to predict disease progression, to elucidate the mechanistic networks in the microenvironment, to develop microenvironment targeting drugs and effective drug combination strategies to improve the drug efficacy. All of these have a profound clinical value.

Role of Ultrasound Lung Comets in the Diagnosis of Acute Heart Failure in Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>A new technique of transthoracic lung ultrasonography (TLS) has emerged and demonstrated promising results in acute heart failure diagnosis at an early stage. However, the diagnostic value of ultrasound lung comets (ULCs) for acute heart failure (AHF) performed in busy emergency department (ED) is uncertain. The present meta-analysis aimed to assess the diagnostic efficiency of ULCs in AHF.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We conducted a search on online journal databases to collect the data on TLS performed for diagnosing AHF published up to the end of July 2017. The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC) curve were calculated. The post-test probability of AHF was calculated by using Bayes analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>We enrolled a total of 15 studies involving 3,309 patients. The value of sensitivity, specificity, PLR, NLR, DOR, area under the SROC curve, and Q* index was 85%, 91%, 8.94, 0.14, 67.24, 0.9587, and 0.9026, respectively. We detected significant heterogeneity among included studies, and therefore, all these results were analyzed under the random-effect model. We also explored possible sources of heterogeneity among the studies by using meta-regression analysis. Results suggest that the time interval between patient's admission to bedside TLS examination was closely related to TLS accuracy.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This meta-analysis demonstrated that detecting ULCs is a convenient bedside tool and has high accuracy for early AHF diagnosis in ED. TLS could be recommended to be applied for early diagnosis of AHF in ED.</p>

Inhibitory Effects of Simvastatin on Oxidized Low-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Apoptosis in Vascular Endothelial Cells / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

<p><b>Background</b>Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced oxidative stress and endothelial apoptosis are essential for atherosclerosis. Our previous study has shown that ox-LDL-induced apoptosis is mediated by the protein kinase RNA-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK)/eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2α-subunit (eIF2α)/CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein homologous protein (CHOP) endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathway in endothelial cells. Statins are cholesterol-lowering drugs that exert pleiotropic effects including suppression of oxidative stress. This study aimed to explore the roles of simvastatin on ox-LDL-induced ER stress and apoptosis in endothelial cells.</p><p><b>Methods</b>Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with simvastatin (0.1, 0.5, or 2.5 μmol/L) or DEVD-CHO (selective inhibitor of caspase-3, 100 μmol/L) for 1 h before the addition of ox-LDL (100 μg/ml) and then incubated for 24 h, and untreated cells were used as a control group. Apoptosis, expression of PERK, phosphorylation of eIF2α, CHOP mRNA level, and caspase-3 activity were measured. Comparisons among multiple groups were performed with one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons using Tukey's tests. A value of P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p><p><b>Results</b>Exposure of HUVECs to ox-LDL resulted in a significant increase in apoptosis (31.9% vs. 4.9%, P < 0.05). Simvastatin (0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 μmol/L) led to a suppression of ox-LDL-induced apoptosis (28.0%, 24.7%, and 13.8%, F = 15.039, all P < 0.05, compared with control group). Ox-LDL significantly increased the expression of PERK (499.5%, P < 0.05) and phosphorylation of eIF2α (451.6%, P < 0.05), if both of which in the control groups were considered as 100%. Simvastatin treatment (0.1, 0.5, and 2.5 μmol/L) blunted ox-LDL-induced expression of PERK (407.8%, 339.1%, and 187.5%, F = 10.121, all P < 0.05, compared with control group) and phosphorylation of eIF2α (407.8%, 339.1%, 187.5%, F = 11.430, all P < 0.05, compared with control group). In contrast, DEVD-CHO treatment had no significant effect on ox-LDL-induced expression of PERK (486.4%) and phosphorylation of eIF2α (418.8%). Exposure of HUVECs to ox-LDL also markedly induced caspase-3 activity together with increased CHOP mRNA level; these effects were inhibited by simvastatin treatment.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>This study suggested that simvastatin could inhibit ox-LDL-induced ER stress and apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells.</p>

The observation on the clinical effect of CSEA by using orbital needle external needle in PCEA post cesarean delivery / 中国医学装备

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of combined spinal epidural anesthesia(CSEA)by using orbital needle in patient-controlled epidural analgesia(PCEA)post cesarean delivery.Methods: 94 puerperas who received cesarean were divided into observation group(47 cases)and control group(47 cases).The patients of two groups were narcotized by using CSEA combined with PCEA.And the observation group adopted a new type of lumbar vertebral combined puncture needle and the control group adopted the traditionally typical lumbar vertebral combined puncture needle.The score of visual analogue scale(VAS)and sedation score of Ramesay of two groups of postoperative 1h,4h,12h,24h and 48h were compared.And the number of times in 48h,the drug dosage and adverse reaction of using analgesia pump also were compared.Results: In postoperative 12 h,the VAS scores of the two groups showed an increasing trend.And the VAS scores of pain of two groups within postoperative 12-48 h decreased gradually.The differences of VAS scores of pain of two groups within postoperative 1-12h and 12-48h between observation group and control group were statistically significant(F=29.596,F=156.366,P＜0.05),respectively.And the VAS scores of pain post operative 4h and 12h of observation group [(2.01±0.51)and(3.49±0.74)]were significantly lower than that of control group [(2.32±0.47)and(3.85±0.69)](t=3.064,t=2.439,P＜0.05),respectively.Within postoperative 1-48h,there were no significant fluctuation in sedation score of Ramesay and the difference of sedation score between the two groups were no significant.And the number of times(11.35±3.04)and drug dosage(65.67± 7.98)mL of using analgesic pump of observation group were significantly lower than that of control group [(20.08±5.32)and(82.07 ± 9.05)mL],(t=9.768,t=9.318,P＜0.05),respectively.Besides,the incidences of postoperative nausea and skin pruritus of observation group(4.26％and 14.89％)were significantly lower than that of control group(17.02％and 34.04％)(x2=4.029,x2=4.663,P＜0.05),respectively.Conclusion: The analgesia effect of orbital needle external needle in implementing CSEA for cesarean delivery is better than that of traditional needle inner needle,and its adverse reactions are less and it is safety.

Clinical features and prognosis of renal mucinous tubular and spindle cell carcinoma / 医学研究生学报

Objective There are few clinical cases of mucinous tubluar and spindle cell carcin oma (MTSCC).The article aimed to explore its clinical features and prognosis in order to raise awareness of the disease . Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on the clinical data of 12 patients with renal MTSCC from June 2009 to June 2017.All the patients were treated with unilater-al radical nephrectomy or enucleation .After discharge, the patients were regularly reviewed or followed up by telephone . Results Of the 12 patients with renal MTSCC, 8 were female, 4 were male, 10 were atypical and 1 was atypical (oligominal tubule), all of them were treated with surgery, one of them lost contact, and the remaining 11 patients had good prognosis. Conclusion Renal MTSCC is a rare form of renal cancer, which is more common in females.The imaging data show that there is no blood supply for renal tumors . Renal MTSCC has a good prognosis , with no recurrence or metastasis, and surgical resection is still the preferred treatment .All the 12 patients with renal MTSCC are in early pathological stage with good prognosis , indicating that renal MTSCC may be a low -grade malig-nancy with good prognosis .

Practice of the Teaching Mode Combined Flipped Class with PBL Teaching Method in College English Reading and Writing / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To explore how to apply the teaching mode combined flipped class with PBL teaching method to improve college students' ability of English reading and writing and the effectiveness of classroom. Methods In the class of college English reading and writing, students at grade 2015 were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group (43 students) was adopted the class teaching with " flipped class and PBL teaching method"and the control group (43 students) was adopted traditional class teaching mode taught by the same teacher. The teaching effects of two groups were studied in a comparative way. The students' final grade, related data in the learning process, students'view of the two teaching modes are studied by analysis of basic data and questionnaire. Results At the end of the semester, the results of the experimental group are better than those of the control group. In the survey of the two class teaching modes, the students in the experimental group spent more time in the learning process than that of the control group.Students think that the teaching mode combined flipped class and PBL teaching method not only improves their autonomic learning ability, classroom participation, the English reading and writing ability, but also helps them perform better in the average scores in the final exam compared to the traditional classroom. Students are more satisfied with the new classroom teaching mode than with traditional one. Conclusion The teaching mode combined flipped class with PBL teaching method can promote the students'autonomous learning, contribute to absorb and internalize knowledge, improve the students'learning interest and learning efficiency, and improve teachers teaching ability.

Chemical Constituents from Bletilla Ochracea / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To study the chemical constituents from Bletilla ochracea. Methods The compounds were extracted by 95％ alcohol and isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis (～1 H NMR and 13 CNMR).Results Nine compouds were obtained and identified as lusianthridin (1), 1, 2, 7-trihydroxy-4-methoxy-9, 10-dihydroxyphenanthrene (2), nudol (3), coelonin (4), batatasin Ⅲ (5), 3, 7-dihydroxy-2, 4-dimethoxyphenanthrene (6), daucosterol (7), β-sitosterol (8), stigmasterol (9).Conclus ion Compounds 2, 3, 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Expression of vasohibin-1 and MACC1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma and their clinicopathological significance / 南方医科大学学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the expressions of vasohibin-1 and MACC1 in lung squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and their associations with the clinicopathological characteristics of the patients.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The expressions of vasohibin-1 and MACC1 proteins were examined with immunohistochemistry in 160 LSCC tissues and 80 normal lung tissues.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The positivity rates of vasohibin-1 and MACC1 proteins were 59.4% and 11.3% in LSCC tissues, respectively, which were significantly higher than the rates in normal lung tissues (57.5% and 8.8%, respectively; P<0.05). The expressions of vasohibin-1 and MACC1 proteins were significantly correlated with the tumor grades, lymph node metastasis, and TNM stages (all P<0.05). Spearman correlation analysis indicated a positive correlation between vasohibin-1 expression and MACC1 expressions (P<0.001). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that LSCC patients with a positive expression of vasohibin-1 had significantly shorter overall survival time than those negative for vasohibin-1; the overall survival time was also significantly shorter in patients positive for MACC1 than in those negative for MACC1 (both P<0.05). Multivariate COX regression analysis indicated that positive expressions of vasohibin-1 and MACC1 protein and TNM stage were independent prognostic factors of LSCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Aberrant expressions of vasohibin-1 and MACC1 may participate in the development and promote invasion and metastasis of LSCC. The combined detection of vasohibin-1 and MACC1 expression may provide important evidence for predicting the progression and prognosis of LSCC.</p>

Bibenzyls and Phenanthrenes from Arundina Graminifolia / 昆明医科大学学报

Objective To study the bibenzyls and phenanthrenes from Arundina graminifolia.Methods The compounds were extracted by 95％ alcohol and isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20.Their structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis (1H NMR and13CNMR).Results Eleven compouds were obtained and identified as batatasin Ⅲ (1),arundinanin (2),2,8-dihydroxy-4,7-dimethoxy-9,10-dihydrophenanthrene (3),shancidin (4),arundinan (5),isoshancidin (6),erianthridin (7),lusianthridin (8),eulophiol (9),flavanthrin (10),orchinol (11).Conclusion Compounds 3,7,9 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Advances in extraction and analysis of phenolic compounds from plant materials / 中国天然药物

Phenolic compounds, the most abundant secondary metabolites in plants, have received more and more attention in recent years because of their distinct bioactivities. This review summarizes different types of phenolic compounds and their extraction and analytical methods used in the recent reports, involving 59 phenolic compounds from 52 kinds of plants. The extraction methods include solid-liquid extraction, ultrasound-assisted extractions, microwave-assisted extractions, supercritical fluid extraction, and other methods. The analysis methods include spectrophotometry, gas chromatography, liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, capillary electrophoresis, and near-infrared spectroscopy. After illustrating the specific conditions of the analytical methods, the advantages and disadvantages of each method are also summarized, pointing out their respective suitability. This review provides valuable reference for identification and/or quantification of phenolic compounds from natural products.

Effects and mechanisms of Xiao-Ai-Ping injection on angiogenesis / 药学学报

This study was designed to investigate the effect of Xiao-Ai-Ping injection on cancer angiogenesis. CCK8 assay and BrdU incorporation immunofluorescence assay were used to detect the effect of Xiao-Ai-Ping injection on HUVECs proliferation; wound healing assay and transwell assay were employed to test the effect of Xiao-Ai-Ping injection on HUVECs migration. The anti-angiogenic effect of Xiao-Ai-Ping injection was examined by tube formation assay, rat aortic ring assay and chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. ELISA assay was used to measure the secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF); and the activation of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) protein and its downstream signaling pathways were examined by Western blot. Our data demonstrated that Xiao-Ai-Ping injection inhibited HU-VECs proliferation in a time-and dose-dependent manner, and the IC50 (mg·mL-1) values for 24, 48 and 72 h were 48.7±7.14, 29.1±2.25 and 22.0±4.53, individually. Xiao-Ai-Ping injection inhibited HUVECs DNA synthesis and migration. Xiao-Ai-Ping injection suppressed HUVECs tube formation, and reduced microvessel sprouting from rat aortic rings and vessel growth in CAMs. Furthermore, Xiao-Ai-Ping injection attenuated the secretion of VEGF, and inhibited the expression of p-VEGFR2 and phosphorylation of protein kinase B (p-AKT). We conclude that Xiao-Ai-Ping injection inhibits angiogenesis by down-regulation of VEGF signaling and AKT pathway.

Marsdenia tenacissima extract suppresses A549 cell migration through regulation of CCR5-CCL5 axis, Rho C, and phosphorylated FAK / 中国天然药物

Marsdenia tenacissima, a traditional Chinese medicine, is long been used to treat various diseases including asthma, cancer, trachitis, tonsillitis, pharyngitis, cystitis, and pneumonia. Although Marsdenia tenacissima has been demonstrated to have strong anti-tumor effects against primary tumors, its effect on cancer metastasis remains to be defined, and the molecular mechanism underlying the anti-metastatic effect is unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effects of XAP (an extract of Marsdenia tenacissima) on A549 lung cancer cell migration and explored the role of CCR5-CCL5 axis in the anti-metastatic effects of XAP. Our resutls showed that XAP inhibited A549 lung cancer cell migration and invasion in a dose-dependent manner. The protein levels of CCR5, but not CCR9 and CXCR4, were decreased by XAP. The secretion of CCL5, the ligand of CCR5, was reduced by XAP. XAP down-regulated Rho C expression and FAK phosphorylation. In conclusion, XAP inhibited A549 cell migration and invasion through down-regulation of CCR5-CCL5 axis, Rho C, and FAK.

Role of PERK/eIF2α/CHOP Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway in Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein Mediated Induction of Endothelial Apoptosis / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>PERK/eIF2α/CHOP is a major signaling pathway mediating endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress related with atherosclerosis. Oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) also induces endothelial apoptosis and plays a vital role in the initiation and progression of atherosclerosis. The present study was conducted to explore the regulatory effect of ox-LDL on PERK/eIF2α/CHOP signaling pathway in vascular endothelial cells.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The effects of ox-LDL on PERK and p-eIF2α protein expression of primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated by Western blot analysis. PERK gene silencing and selective eIF2α phosphatase inhibitor, salubrinal were used to inhibit the process of ox-LDL induced endothelial cell apoptosis, caspase-3 activity, and CHOP mRNA level.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Ox-LDL treatment significantly increased the expression of PERK, PERK-mediated inactivation of eIF2α phosphorylation, and the expression of CHOP, as well as the caspase-3 activity and apoptosis. The effects of ox-LDL were markedly decreased by knocking down PERK with stable transduction of lentiviral shRNA or by selective eIF2α phosphatase inhibitor, salubrinal.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>This study provides the first evidence that ox-LDL induces apoptosis in vascular endothelial cells mediated largely via the PERK/eIF2α/CHOP ER-stress pathway. It adds new insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of atherosclerosis.</p>

Over-expression of Sox4 and β-catenin is associated with a less favorable prognosis of osteosarcoma / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of the expression of Sox4 and β-catenin with the prognosis of osteosarcoma. A total of 108 cases of conventional osteosarcoma were involved in this study and 28 cases of osteochondroma served as controls. The expression of Sox4 and β-catenin was detected by using immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting. The results showed that Sox4 and β-catenin were over-expressed in 67 (62.03%) and 62 (57.41%) of 108 osteosarcoma cases, while in only 3 (10.71%) and 5 (17.86%) of 28 controls, respectively (P<0.05 for all). The expression of Sox4 and β-catenin was associated with the distant metastasis, pathological grade and Enneking stage of patients with osteosarcoma (P<0.05 for all). The mean overall survival time and the 5-year-survival rate in osteosarcoma patients with Sox4 and β-catenin over-expressed were significantly reduced as compared with those in Sox4 and β-catenin low-expression group (P<0.05 for all). Cox multifactor regression analysis revealed that the distant metastasis, Enneking stage, and the expression of Sox4 and β-catenin were independent risk factors of patients with osteosarcoma (P<0.05 for all). The findings indicated that overexpression of Sox4 and β-catenin is associated with a poor prognosis of osteosarcoma.